In modern energy systems, energy storage plays a key role in enabling the energy transition. The WAVE-H2 platform therefore integrates a range of storage technologies for the different energy carriers used on site. A lithium-ion battery system is used for electrical energy storage. It supports a range of functions within the power system, including storing low-cost energy, shifting peak loads, and stabilizing the grid. It also allows renewable energy generation to be decoupled from immediate consumption. These and other use cases can be implemented and tested on the platform. The battery system has a capacity of 100 kWh and can charge or discharge at up to 100 kW. It is initially connected to the platform’s low-voltage AC grid. Within the platform, the battery system plays a central role in energy management, particularly as it connects and balances multiple energy carriers.

A PEM fuel cell converts hydrogen into electricity and heat, offering a climate-friendly alternative to conventional energy sources. It supports sustainable energy systems by adapting to changing energy demand. Integration into DC grids is being explored to reduce conversion losses and improve overall efficiency. This makes it a key component in resilient, climate-neutral energy systems.

Digital twins simulate the behavior of real systems in a virtual environment using real-time data. They enable testing of operating strategies, optimization of control systems, and analysis of degradation processes without impacting the physical system. By combining advanced sensor technology with machine learning, we improve system efficiency and validate results on real systems, supporting the development of sustainable and reliable energy systems.

Hydrogen storage is a central component of the WAVE-H2 system. It stores compressed hydrogen at 30 bar in a low-pressure gas system and enables flexible buffering of hydrogen produced by electrolysis using surplus renewable electricity.

The system consists of two stainless steel tanks with a capacity of 90 m³ each. They store hydrogen and supply it on demand for power generation or industrial applications, supporting system stability and security of supply.

The storage system features a robust design, high efficiency, and a long service life. Its modular concept allows flexible integration into different energy systems and seamless coupling with electrolyzers and various applications. This supports the efficient use of renewable energy, reduces grid load, and contributes to a sustainable, low-carbon energy supply. The system provides a solid foundation for the energy transition and the development of hydrogen technologies.

To ensure flexibility, the platform includes dedicated innovation centers for integrating new research systems. Each center is equipped with the required infrastructure and is already approved for defined capacity limits. This allows new technologies to be integrated quickly and tested within the overall system.

The hydrogen storage innovation center offers an electrical connection capacity of 500 kVA, a maximum thermal output of 250 kW at temperatures of up to 100 °C, and a hydrogen connection of up to 36 kg/h. It also includes compressed air and nitrogen connections.

The recycling furnace can melt aluminium using natural gas or hydrogen combustion, or operate fully electrically. This flexibility supports the gradual decarbonization of energy-intensive industries. The focus of this application is on optimizing and adapting the combustion process, as well as understanding the changes associated with fully electric operation. The system can be operated flexibly, helping to reduce the load on energy networks and enabling the use of the most cost-effective energy source or operating mode.